Question

Name two essential compatibility tests to be performed before undertaking any organ grafting or transplantation.

Answer 1

Hint: Organ grafting is the process that involves the removal of an organ from one body and transferring it to another body. The two essential compatibility tests to be carried out before any organ transplant are: the first test involves the blood group checking, the second test includes the compatibility of certain antigens involved in the immune system.

Complete answer:
The two essential compatibility tests to be performed before undertaking any organ grafting are:

> ABO compatibility:
This test checks the blood antigens which react with the different blood groups. If the blood type of the donor matches the blood type of the recipient then further tests are carried out.
The following blood types are compatible:
• O blood type can receive organs from O type only and donate organs to A, B, AB, and O blood type.
• AB blood type can receive an organ from A, B, AB, and O or donate an organ to AB blood type only.
• A blood type can receive organs from A and O blood type and donate an organ to A and AB.
• B blood type can receive organs from B and O blood type and donate an organ to B and AB.

> HLA Test:
Human leukocyte antigen testing involves the matching of organ transplants of the recipient with compatible donors. In this, the antibodies present in the recipient body are tested as it might target the donor’s organ as a part of an immune system.

Note: The organ transplant compatibility tests are carried out to ensure that the donor’s organ gets successfully transplanted into the recipient's body. There might be possibilities that the antigen present in the recipient body may reject the organ as a part of the immune system.