Question

Name the three types of jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

Answer 1

Hint:
Articles 131, 133-136 and 143, respectively, of the Indian Constitution provide for the three types of jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India.
The most important role of the state, for which our constitution has created numerous courts, is the administration of justice.


Complete answer:
Under the Constitution, the Supreme Court of India, is the supreme judicial body of the Government of India and India's highest court. It is the highest constitutional court and has judicial review authority. As specified by the type of case, and the location of the question, jurisdiction can be interpreted as the practical authority given to a legal entity to administer justice.

Articles 131, 133-136 and 143, respectively, of the Indian Constitution provide for the three types of jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India.

There are three forms of jurisdiction for the Supreme Court: Original, Appeal and Advisory.
1. Original Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court alone is empowered to hear such cases directly.
They are:
Controversies between the government of the Union and one or more state governments.
Controversies between two or more nations.
Disputes between the Government of India and on the one hand, one or more States, and on the other, one or more States.

2. Appellate Jurisdiction: A superior or higher court's authority to hear and resolve appeals against the lower court's decision is called appeal jurisdiction. For political, civil and criminal cases, the Supreme Court is a court of appeal. It will hear appeals against the High Courts' decisions. It has the authority to review its own decisions as well. It may grant special leases to appeal against any judgement or order delivered or issued by any court or tribunal within the territory of India at its own discretion.
In addition, in any criminal case, an appeal can be brought before the Supreme Court if the High Court certifies that the case is eligible for an appeal before the Supreme Court. In order to challenge decisions relating to elections and Labour and Industrial Tribunals, the special appeal power has become a convenient tool in the hands of the Court.

3. Advisory Jurisdiction: In matters that may be expressly referred to by the President of India, the Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction. If it is evident to the President at any time that a question of law or fact has arisen, or is likely to arise, which is of such public interest that it is imperative to obtain the opinion of the Supreme Court on that question, he/she may refer it to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court may report its opinion to the President after such a hearing as it considers necessary. The report or the Supreme Court's decision is of course, not binding on the President. There is, equally, no compulsion for the Court to offer its advice.
In accordance with Article 145 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court Rules of 1966 control the practice and the procedure of the Supreme Court.

Note:
India's Supreme Court came into being on January 26, 1950, and is based in Tilak Marg, New Delhi.
The Supreme Court hearings are held in English only.
In addition to the above-mentioned authority, the Supreme Court of India has a few other special roles, which are:
1. Guardian of the Constitution: The Supreme Court, as the interpreter of the Constitution, has the authority to uphold the Constitution and defend it.
2. Judicial Review: India's Supreme Court has the right to review the validity of laws or executive orders.