Question

Name the seasons of rice cultivation in India.

Answer 1

Hint:Rice is grown in India under conditions of altitude and temperature that differ widely. Therefore, depending on temperature, rainfall, soil types, water availability and other climatic factors, the rice growing seasons vary in different parts of the country.

Complete answer:
In the country's eastern and southern areas, the mean temperature is considered to be favourable throughout the year for rice cultivation. Therefore in the eastern and southern states, two or three rice crops are grown in one year. From May to November, only one crop of rice is grown in the northern and western parts of the country, where rainfall is high and winter temperatures are reasonably mild. In India, there are three seasons for growing rice: fall, winter and summer.
All three seasons are numbered in conjunction with the harvest season of the crop. Autumn rice is referred to as rice pre-kharif. During May to August, the sowing of pre-Kharif rice starts. However, based on atmospheric conditions and rainfall pattern, the time of sowing varies slightly from state to state. They are harvested from September to October.'Aus' in West Bengal,' Ahu' in Assam,' Beali' in Orissa,' Bhadai' in Bihar,' Virippu' in Kerala and 'Kuruvai/kar/ Sornavari' in Tamil Nadu are known as the autumn rice harvest. During this season, about 7 percent of the crop is grown. The varieties planted during this season are mainly short-term varieties, varying from 90 to 110 days.

'Kharif' is the main rice growing season in the region. In terms of harvest season, it is known as winter rice. The winter (kharif) rice sowing cycle is June-July and it is harvested in November-December. Winter rice is known in West Bengal as Aman, in Assam as Sali, in Orissa as Sarrad, in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh as Agahani, in Andhra Pradesh as Sarava, in Kerala as Mundakan, and in Tamil Nadu as Samba/Thaladi. Approximately 84 percent of the rice crop in the country is grown in this season and medium to long-term varieties are usually grown in this season.Rabi rice is called summer rice. In Assam and West Bengal, it is known as 'Boro',' Dalua' in Orissa,' Dalwa' in Andhra Pradesh,' Punja' in Kerala,' Navrai' in Tamil Nadu, and 'Garma' in Bihar. November to February is the sowing season for summer rice and March to June is the harvesting time. The summer rice region is only 9 percent and early maturing varieties are mostly cultivated in this season.

Note:India has a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions, and cropping trends vary greatly from region to region, from one year to another to a lesser degree. In reality, it is appropriate to divide the nation into homogeneous regions based on geographical, climatological, or agronomic cropping patterns. The climatic index and the soil community should be taken into account when making the division. The important criteria for following crop patterns are the soil and the climate, since they represent a stronger criterion for crop-zoning.