Question

Name the scientist whose experimentation established laws of chemical combination. Name the laws also.
Give two drawbacks of Dalton’s atomic theory.

Answer 1

Hint: There are many laws that tell matter can neither be created nor destroyed, there is a fixed proportion of mass when the compounds are made up of the same elements, there is a simple ratio when two elements combine to form more than one compound, etc. One of the drawbacks of Dalton's atomic theory is based on masses, sizes, and valences of elements.

Complete answer:
In chemistry, we study the chemical reactions of processes. So, there are some laws that are followed for the reaction to be written, and these are known as 'laws of chemical combination'. There are five laws of chemical combination.
First is the Law of conservation of mass which was given by Antonine Lavoisier in 1789. Second is the Law of constant composition or definite proportions is given by J.L. Proust in 1799. The third is the Law of multiple proportions given by Dalton in 1804. Fourth is the Law of reciprocal proportions given by Richter in 1792. Fifth is the Gay Lussac’s Law of Gaseous volumes given by Gay Lussac in 1808.
Dalton was the first to give postulates of the particulate nature of matter but it was failed because of some drawbacks like:
It was able to clarify the laws of chemical combination based on density, but not the law of gaseous volumes.
It couldn't understand that different elements' atoms had different masses, weights, and valances, for example.

Note:
The first four laws deal with mass relationships, while the fifth law is concerned with reacting gas quantities. Dalton's atomic theory did not clarify the origin of interacting forces between atoms and molecules, which account for the presence of matter in three bodies, namely solids, liquids, and gases.