Question

Name the pastoral communities of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Mention their occupation.

Answer 1

Hint: A pastoral society is made up of pastoralists, people whose lives are based on tending the land and caring for animal herds, such as sheep, goats, yaks, camels, or cattle, on which food and sustenance are dependent. In tribes, pastoral societies are often organized, with the 'household,' often including the extended family, as a basic unit for labor and cost organization.

Complete Answer:
A pastoral society is a social community of pastoralists whose way of life, traditionally nomadic, is based on pastoralism. Daily life is based on herds or flocks tending.
The Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka pastoral societies herded cattle, raised sheep and goats, and sold woven blankets. The Gollas herded cattle among them the Kurumas and Kurubas lived near the forests, cultivated small patches of land and took care of their herds in a variety of small businesses.
(i) The Gollas, the Kurumas and the Kurubas were the pastoral societies found in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
(ii) The herded cattle of Gollas. Sheep and goats were reared by the Kurumas and Kurubas and woven blankets were sold.
(iii) They lived in the vicinity of the forests, planted small patches of land, engaged in a number of small businesses, and cared for their heads.
(iv) These pastoral groups relocated in the dry season to the coastal tracts and left when the rains came.

Gollas - In various states of India, the Golla people are spread out. The word 'Golla' derives from the word 'Gopal' in Sanskrit, which means cow keeper.
- They are known in Orissa by various names, such as Yadav and Patra. Other occupational subgroups are also present, such as Nunia, Haldia, Panera, Chelia and Kondar, among others.
- The Gollas are a pastoral community that speaks Telugu, and they are largely populated in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Kurumas – The Kurumas regard themselves as descendants of the powerful ancient Kurumbas who lived in southern India.
- They are also called Bet Kurumas, who are now mostly located in Karnataka's Mysore district and speak Kannada.
- They choose their life partners from the tribe itself and their primary occupation is pottery, mat weaving, etc. In these tasks, it is mainly women who are involved. With reeds and bamboo, they build baskets and mats of different kinds.

Kurubas – The Kuruba live in all of Karnataka's regions. Kannada they read and write. The Kuruba are not vegetarians and consume cereals such as rice and wheat.
- The Kuruba speak Kannada to their family members in Tamil Nadu, but they can speak Tamil and read and write Tamil.
- In addition to shepherding, the Kuruba are interested in many other kinds of work.

Note: Traditional sources say the Sangama dynasty, the founding dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire, was established by the Kurumas or Kurubas. The Bedouins from Saudi Arabia, the Maasai from East Africa, and the Sami from Scandinavia are examples of pastoralists.