Question

Name the hormones that control the menstrual cycle in human beings
A. LH
B. ACTH
C. FSH
D. FSH, LH, estrogen

Answer 1

Hint: Menstrual cycle is the cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one in women. It is controlled by several hormones produced by our bodies. Rise and fall in the levels of these hormones in blood regulate the menstrual cycle.

Complete answer: Hormones are the chemical substances that are secreted by the endocrine glands in our body. They are produced only in small amounts and are responsible for the normal metabolism in our body. Even a slight change in the amount of secretion may lead to severe diseases.
There are several hormones that control the menstrual cycle in women. They are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estrogen. LSH and FSH are secreted by the pituitary gland. Estrogen is secreted mainly by the ovary in females. Endometrium progressively thickens by the influence of these hormones during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. In the middle of the cycle, ovulation takes place. Ovulation happens by the surge of LH secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. At the end of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium ruptures in the absence of fertilization. It is caused by the rise of estrogen and the fall of progesterone levels in the blood. Menstruation is the outflow of the ruptured endometrial lining along with blood.
Hence the correct option is D.

Note: LH and FSH are the examples of gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to the blood. In males, FSH stimulates the testes to produce sperms. In females, FSH stimulates ovaries to produce ova and to secrete estrogens from the follicle cells of the ovary. After ovulation, the ruptured follicular cells get transformed into a yellow glandular tissue called corpus luteum. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone which is essential for the maintenance of normal endometrium.