Question

Draw the diagram of the chloroplast.

Answer 1

Hint: Chloroplast structure is present in the cells of plants and green algae, they are the site of photosynthesis. It is a process where light energy is converted to chemical energy and results in the production of oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. It uses light energy to synthesize organic compounds.

Complete answer:

Chloroplast

Structure:
- Chloroplasts are a type of plastid, round, oval, disk-shaped body involved in the synthesis and storage.
- Chloroplasts are distinguished from other types of plastids by their green color, by the presence of two pigments, chlorophyll a and b. These pigments absorb light energy.
- In plants, chloroplasts occur in all green tissues, though they are concentrated particularly in the parenchyma cells of the leaf mesophyll.
- The chloroplast is enclosed in a chloroplast envelope, which consists of a double membrane with outer and inner membrane, between which is a gap called the intermembrane space.
- A third, internal membrane, which is extensively folded and characterized by the presence of thylakoids (closed disks), known as the thylakoid membrane
- In higher plants, the thylakoids are arranged in tight stacks called grana. Grana are connected by stromal lamellae, extensions that run from one granum, through the stroma, into a neighboring granum.
- The thylakoid membrane envelops a central aqueous region known as the thylakoid lumen.
- The space between the inner membrane and the thylakoid membrane is filled with stroma.
- Stroma is a matrix containing dissolved enzymes, starch granules, and copies of the chloroplast genome. It also contains its DNA and ribosomes
- The chloroplast genome typically is circular.

Function:
- Chloroplast synthesizes food by the process of photosynthesis.
- Absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy.
- Chloroplast has chlorophyll which functions by trapping the solar energy and used for the synthesis of food in all green plants.
- It produces molecular oxygen $(O_2)$ and NADPH by photolysis of water.
- It produces ATP by the process of photosynthesis.

Note: The chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing organelle responsible for photosynthesis. It captures light energy and gives plants a green color. It is essential for the growth and survival of plants. They are thought to be evolved from bacteria, they have a symbiont relationship.
Chloroplast common targets of many plant viruses are exploited for virus propagation and replication.