Question

Name the chromosome present in both male as well as in female?

Answer 1

Hint: Chromosomes are thread-like long structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. There are a total 23 pairs of chromosomes i.e 46 chromosomes. Each chromosome is made of histone proteins and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Their are two types of chromosomes autosomal chromosomes and sex-chromosomes present inside the nucleus.

Complete answer:
In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes i.e total of 46 chromosomes. Twenty-two of these pairs are called autosomes, and look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair is called the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. The 22 autosomes are numbered by size. The other two X chromosome and Y chromosome are the sex chromosomes.
Female has 44 + XX
Male has 44 + XY
In humans, the 2 X sex chromosomes in female cell and the single X chromosome in male cell were assumed to be similar; only the Y chromosome was thought to be different. Sex determination is thus dependent on inheritance of Y chromosome. During the fertilization process, there are 2 possibilities available-
(1) If a spermatozoon with an X chromosome from father fuses with the mother ovum, the offspring would be a female (46, XX).
(2) If a spermatozoon with Y chromosome from the father fuses with the mother ovum, the offspring would be male (46, XY).
Note that mother ovum always consists of only the X chromosome.
Autosomes control the inheritance of all the characteristics except the sex-linked ones that are controlled by the sex chromosomes. Each chromosome has a constriction called the centromere, which divides chromosomes into short (p) and long (q) arms. The tip of each chromosome is the telomere, whose size decreases with each cell division.

Thus, the answer for the above question is X-Chromosome.

Note:
Among sexually reproducing organisms, the number of chromosomes in the body (somatic) cells is diploid (2n; a pair of each chromosome), twice the haploid (1n) number found in the sex cells or gametes and these gametes fuse to form a diploid cell. The haploid number is produced during meiosis. During fertilization, two gametes combine to produce a zygote which will undergo a number of mitosis to form a complete child.