Question

Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory receptor present in human beings.

Answer 1

Hint: Biological transducers that transform energy into electrical impulses from both external and internal environments are receptors. To form a sense organ, such as the eye or ear, they can be massaged together or they can be dispersed, like those of the skin and viscera. Afferent nerve fibres are connected to the central nervous system by receptors.

Complete answer:
Gustatory receptor-
The taste buds, clusters of cells found in goblet-shaped structures called papillae that open up to the mouth cavity through a small pore, are the sensory structures for taste. There are many slender taste receptor cells in a single taste bud, all grouped in a banana-like cluster pointing toward the gustatory pore. Within a short turnover time, taste receptor cells that separate from the surrounding epithelium are replaced by new cells. The Gustatory receptors are a divergent group of chemoreceptors of seven transmembranes expressed in the neurons of the gustatory sensilla receptor. Tastants (non-volatile compounds) are detected through contact chemosensation. These receptors mainly provide taste, so the tongue is one of the gustatory receptors found in the human body.

Olfactory receptors-
The olfactory receptor, also referred to as the scent receptor, is a protein capable of binding odour molecules that play a key role in the sense of smell (olfaction). Arthropods, terrestrial vertebrates, fish, and other animals share these receptors. The receptors are located on olfactory receptor cells in terrestrial vertebrates , including humans, which are present in very large numbers (millions) and are clustered in the back of the nasal cavity within a small region , creating an olfactory epithelium. There is a single external process in each receptor cell that spreads to the epithelium surface and gives rise to a number of long , slender extensions called cilia. The mucus of the nasal cavity covers the cilia, facilitating olfactory receptors to detect and respond to odour molecules. So the nose is the olfactory receptors present in human beings.

Note: Receptors are often categorised by the kinds of stimuli they are responsive to. Substances that are ingested through the mouth, inhaled through the nose, or present in the body itself are susceptible to chemical receptors or chemoreceptors. Skin receptors are known as thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and nociceptors, the latter of which are responsive to stimuli that are noxious to the body's tissues or are likely to destroy them.