Question

Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization.
A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. Insulin
D. Glucagon

Answer 1

Hint: Peptide hormones are the hormones whose molecules represent peptides. They have an impact on the endocrine system. These hormones function by a second messenger which leads to triggers of signal transduction having cellular responses. These hormones are produced from amino acids like other proteins.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Option -A- Secretin
This hormone is known for water homeostasis. It regulates water homeostasis in the body and it is known for regulating secretions in the duodenum by regulating the secretions of pancreas, liver and stomach. But this hormone is mainly known for the regulation of gastric pH and acts on ductal cells of the pancreas to stimulate bicarbonate production. It is also known for its function of bile stimulation. So this hormone is peptide hormone but not has functioned as per question.
Option -B- Gastrin
It’s a peptide hormone. It is known for its function of secretion of gastric acid which is HCl by the cells known as parietal cells of the stomach. This helps in gastric motility. This is released by G cells and produced by the pyloric part of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas. Though this is a peptide hormone it does not mainly act on hepatocytes.
Option -C- Insulin
Insulin is a peptide hormone which is secreted by beta cells of islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. It is the primary hormone having an anabolic function. It is known for its function of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins by promoting absorption of glucose from the blood into the liver. This peptide hormone is mainly known to act on adipocytes and hepatocytes and thereby increase cellular uptake and utilisation of glucose. Its function is to cause rapid movement of glucose from the blood to hepatocytes and adipocytes and decrease glucose in the blood. Therefore it is the correct option.
Option -D- Glucagon
It is a peptide hormone which is secured from alpha cells of the pancreas which functions mainly as to raise the concentration of glucose in the blood. It is considered to be the main catabolic hormone. This hormone works contrary to the function of the hormone insulin.

So, the correct answer to this question is the option” C” which is a peptide hormone insulin.

Note: Peptide hormones are known to function as an endocrine function involving various functions of the body I.e. physiological functions involving growth, appetite and energy functions. They also function to control other secretions of the body. They are known to control cardiac function, reproductive function and stress.