Question

Mutation theory was given by
A. Darwin
B. Lamarck
C. Leeuwenhoek
D. Hugo de Vries

Answer 1

Hint:- Mutation theory considers evolution as a discontinuous process. The theory states that mutations are inheritable. Mutations are sudden unexpected changes that may or may not be compatible with life. These mutations lead to the formation of new traits.

Complete Answer:-
Charles Darwin has contributed greatly to the theories of evolution. He gave the theory of natural selection which supports the survival of the fittest. Lamark was a french naturalist. His theories of evolution are also well accepted. Leeuwenhoek is also known as the father of microbiology.
Hugo de Vries is a Dutch botanist. He originally belonged to the Netherlands. He was also one of the first known scientists who contributed to the field of genetics. Some of his works are Species and Varieties, The origin by mutation. He was the one to give the mutation theory in 1901. He mentioned his theory in his work, Die Mutationstheorie. He gave the best-known mutation theory of the time. We also see his contribution to the discovery of the primrose.
According to the mutation theory, variation is the key to evolution. The mutation leads to the formation of a new species.

So, the answer is (D).

Note:- Darwin’s theory of mutation varied from de Vries in that Darwin considered evolution as a continuous process while de Vries considered it as discontinuous. The mutational changes can be at two levels- chromosomal and genetic mutations. Mutations can be point mutations or chain mutations in which nucleotides are inserted or deleted to change the entire existing sequence to some other new sequence.