Question

Mutation theory to explain mechanism of evolution was given by Hugo de Vries and has experimented on the
A) Garden pea
B) Fruit fly
C) China rose
D) Evening primrose

Answer 1

Hint: In 1901, in his book "Die Mutation Theorie," his hypothesis was published. Mutations are abrupt and inheritable modifications, according to him, which are due to natural selection. It is predicted that the occurrence of a mutant gene in the population would grow if the gene is chosen by nature.

Complete Answer:
- A Dutch botanist, Hugo de Vries, one of the early rediscoveries of Mendelism, presented his thoughts on the creation of new species in 1901. He also considered some of the criticisms mentioned in the theory of Darwin.
- New species are not created by constant variants, according to him, but by the unexpected emergence of changes, which he called mutations. Hugo de Vries said that in subsequent generations, mutations are hereditary and continue.

Now, let us find the solution from the options-
- For Mendel, peas were an excellent alternative to use because there were 7 characteristics that he could exploit that were readily detectable. Therefore, for his experiment, he selected garden peas. Thus, option A is not the correct option.

- In the early 1900s, Thomas Hunt Morgan used the hereditary features of a particular fruit fly genus, Drosophila melanogaster, to extend our knowledge of genetics. Morgan was the first to explain that genes were placed on chromosomes by experiments. He also discovered that on the same chromosomes that also decide their sex, some fruit fly characteristics such as white vs. red eye colour are observed. Thus, option B is not the correct option.

- In numerous cultures in human history, China Roses bear high symbolic significance and considerable cultural meaning. They are commonly used as ornamental garden plants, as cut flowers, and in the cosmetics and perfume industries for the processing of essential oils. Several flower characters influencing floral consistency were picked through domestication methods, such as repeated flowering, double flowers, petal shades, and fragrance. Thus, option C is not the correct option.

- On Evening Primrose, (Oenothera Lamarckian), he carried out his studies and uncovered many aberrant forms. Most F1 plants were comparable to the parents when Evening Primrose was self-pollinated as well as its seeds were allowed to spread, but a few were distinct plants.

Thus, the correct answer is option (D) Evening Primrose.

Note: The numerous plants were self-pollinated and the majority of the plants were equal to the parents when their seeds were planted, while a few were even more distinct plants and this occurred generation after generation. Hugo de Vries proposed from his studies that new kinds of inherited features could occur unexpectedly without any prior evidence of their existence in the breed. These plants tended to be different organisms.