Question

m-RNA is formed by:
A) Translation
B) Transcription
C) Duplication
D) Capping

Answer 1

Hint: The ‘Central Dogma’ is the process by which the information in DNA is changed into a functional product. The central dogma states that the pattern of information that occurs most commonly in our cells is: From existing DNA to make new DNA (DNA duplication), From DNA to make new RNA (transcription) and From RNA to make new proteins (translation).

Complete Answer:
- DNA duplication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. Duplications occur when there is more than one copy of a specific part of DNA.
- Transcription is the process by which the information from DNA is copied or passed into a new strand of messenger RNA (mRNA).
- During transcription, only one strand of DNA is usually copied. This is called the template strand, and the RNA molecules produced are single-stranded messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The premature form of mRNA which is produced in humans is called as heterogeneous RNA (hnRNA).
- Some modification is required to convert this hnRNA to m-RNA, one modification is capping in which an addition of 7-methylguanylate at the 5' end of the mRNA.
- Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

So,the correct answer is option B.

Note: The central dogma illustrates that DNA has the instructions to make all of our proteins, and that mRNA is a messenger that carries these instructions to the ribosomes. The ribosomes act as factories in the cell where the instruction is ‘translated’ from a code into the final functional product.