Question

Most abundant component of cell is
A) Protein
B) Water
C) Cellulose
D) Lipid

Answer 1

Hint: All known species have a cell as their basic structural, functional, and biological unit. The smallest unit of life is the cell. The building blocks of life are also referred to as cells. Cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology are both terms for the study of cells.

Complete answer:
Water, inorganic ions, and carbon-containing (organic) molecules make up cells. In cells, water is the most abundant molecule, accounting for 70% or more of total cell mass. As a result, in biological chemistry, the interactions between water and the other constituents of cells are crucial.

The fact that water is a polar molecule, with the hydrogen atoms having a slight positive charge and the oxygen atoms having a slight negative charge, is crucial in this regard.Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with each other and other polar molecules, as well as interact with positively and negatively charged ions, due to their polar existence. Ions and polar molecules are readily soluble in water as a result of these interactions (hydrophilic).

Simple sugars and polysaccharides are among the carbohydrates. Simple sugars like glucose are the most important nutrients for cells. In cells, lipids play three main roles. First and foremost, they serve as an essential source of energy storage. Lipids are the main components of cell membranes, which is very important in cell biology. Third, lipids play a key role in cell signalling as both steroid hormones (e.g., oestrogen and testosterone) and messenger molecules that carry signals from cell surface receptors to internal targets.

Though nucleic acids carry the cell's genetic information, proteins' primary function is to carry out the tasks that that information directs. Proteins are the most complex of all macromolecules, with thousands of different proteins performing a wide range of functions in each cell.

Proteins play a variety of roles in cells and tissues, including serving as structural elements, transporting and storing small molecules (e.g., haemoglobin transporting oxygen), transmitting information between cells (e.g., protein hormones), and providing protection against infection (e.g., antibodies).

Thus the correct answer is option ‘B’.

Note: Cellulose is a key component of the cell wall. Water makes up 62% of the cell, followed by fat (16%), protein (16%), minerals (6%), and carbohydrate (less than 1%).