Question

Modern detergents contain enzyme preparations of -
a. Acidophiles
b. Alkaliphiles
c. Thermoacidophiles
d. Thermophiles

Answer 1

Hint: Enzymes from which modern detergents get prepared classically grow well at pH 9, with the most extremophilic strains increasing up to pH values as soaring as pH 12–13. They are sources of valuable, stable enzymes, and the cells themselves can be utilized for biotechnological and other applications at high pH.

Complete answer:
The modern detergents are manufactured by the enzymes (25-30%) containing hydrolases, proteases, and cellulases. The enzymes used are detergents that must be cost effective, harmless to use and be able to perform the job in the presence of anionic and non-ionic detergents, soaps, oxidants, etc. at pH between 8-10.5%. The chief enzymes used are proteases, α-amylase, and sometimes cellulase.

There are lots of processes that can utilize these extremophiles, seldom a mixture of alkaliphiles and other bacterial cells in addition to helpful alkaliphile enzymes and metabolites, to generate the desired changes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Additional information:
Acidophiles play an essential role in the bio-mining of metals from the impure ores and the enzymes formed by them have found quite a lot of applications in food and feed industries. The other applications of acidophiles comprise bioremediation and electricity production.

Thermoacidophiles are being used in bioleaching and biomining applications and the finding of new thermoacidophiles from deep-sea vents can make available tools for bioremediation and biotechnological applications by these organisms.

Thermostable enzymes obtained from these thermophilic microorganisms are utilized in most business applications such as food, pulp, papers, feeds, starch, pharmaceutical, fabric, detergents, waste management industries, and used as biocatalysis, biotransformation and biodegradation due to their intense stability.

Note: A standard example is the presence of Alkali Bacterial strains as part of the microbiota involved in the creation of indigo blue dye from various plants. Alkaliphiles can grow in an alkaline environment in the form of microorganisms. The pH of this is >9.0. under high alkaline pH, they can perform their catalytic activities.