Question

Mitochondria present in eukaryotic cell carry out the function of
(a) Cellular respiration
(b) Photosynthesis
(c) Digestion
(d) Transportation

Answer 1

Hint: Cells in the human body require energy in the form of ATP which is formed by the oxidation of glucose by mitochondria. This is called internal respiration.

Complete answer:
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells. depending on the physiological activity of the cell the number of mitochondria inside the cell is more or less. Breakdown of food materials inside the cell to release energy and trapping that energy for the synthesis of ATP is done inside the mitochondria. This is called cellular respiration or internal respiration.

Additional Information: - Structurally mitochondria is sausage-shaped covered with two layers, inner mitochondrial membrane, and outer mitochondrial membrane.
- They are 0.2 to 1.0 micrometers in diameter and 1.0 to 4.1 micrometers in length.
- Inner mitochondrial membrane divides its lumen into two compartments namely the outer compartment and inner compartment
- Cristae are the foldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increases the surface area of mitochondria.
- at the end of glycolysis two molecules of pyruvate are formed which are transported into the Mitochondria where they are either oxidized or combined with coenzyme A resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide, NADH, and acetyl CoA. Later this undergoes the citric acid cycle and releases energy in the form of ATP.
- Muscle cells, as they require more energy, the number of mitochondria in the muscle cells is more.
So, the correct answer is ‘Cellular respiration’.

Note: Almost all the eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria except red blood cells.
Mitochondria also contain circular DNA, few RNA molecules, and ribosomes that are 70s type for the synthesis of proteins. Mitochondria divide by binary fission.