Question

How mitochondria is able to produce its own proteins?
A) They have their own DNA and Ribosomes.
B) They have specialized hormones.
C) They divide the existing proteins.
D) None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: The process of synthesis of proteins after transcription of DNA is called translation via translation machinery. The presence of translational machinery in mitochondria allows it to make its own proteins.

Complete answer:
Mitochondria can make some of the protein because they possess ribosomes as well as genetic instructions for manufacturing proteins. This code is found in the mitochondrial DNA together with other important components. Because of the presence of all these codes and signalling molecules together, mitochondria can function as a whole-cell itself. The function of mitochondrial proteins is to break down sugars and the production of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP – the energy currency of the cell. The proteins usually reside within the inner membranes of the mitochondria called the cristae and are within the organelle's own liquid-filled interior compartment known as the mitochondrial matrix.

Additional Information:
Mitochondria is a double membrane structure. These organelles are self-replicable i.e. they can multiply on their own without the requirement of the cell to divide. This characteristic feature helps in the replacement of old, worn out and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy mitochondria. Mitochondria are present in almost all the cells of the body except in Red Blood Cells.

So, the correct answer is ‘they have their own DNA and Ribosomes’.

Note: The mitochondria are called as the powerhouses of the cell because the majority of the cell’s ATP is produced there. They are capable of quickly changing shape to move around the cell when needed.