Question

Mesosome helps in all except,
A. Cell wall formation
B. Respiration and Secretion process
C. Nucleotide synthesis
D. Increasing the surface area of plasma membrane

Answer 1

Hint: Mesosome is a bacterial organelle that acts as an invagination of the plasma membrane and functions in either replication of DNA and cell division or excretion of exoenzymes.

Complete Answer:
An expansion of the plasma membrane into the cell wall creates a special structure known as the mesosome. Generally, these extensions are in the form of vesicles, tubules, and lamellae.
Mesosomes are the predominant use of
- Synthesis of a wall of cells.
- Replication of DNA.
- Distribution, respiration, secretions, etc. of daughter cells.

It was assumed that the mesosome expanded the cell's surface area, aiding the cell in cellular respiration. In eukaryotic cells, this is similar to cristae in the mitochondrion, which are finger-like projections and support cellular respiration of eukaryotic cells. To help in photosynthesis, cell division, DNA replication, and cell compartmentalisation, mesosomes were also hypothesised. Mesosomes may be chemically induced in bacteria, but they are not distinct or independent of cell structures.

There are two forms of mesosome:
1. Septal mesosomes that extend from the plasma membrane to the centre of the cytoplasm of the cells and are connected to nuclear material)
2. The lateral mesosomes that are located at the periphery do not have to be connected to the nucleus. They secrete various enzymes such as dehydrogenase and various components of the transport chain of electrons. Mesosomes also do not assist with nucleotide synthesis.

The correct Answer is option (C) Nucleotide synthesis.

Note: Mesosomes may also play a role in reproduction. A cross-wall is created during binary fission, resulting in the creation of two cells. Mesosomes begin septum formation and bind bacterial DNA to the membrane of the cell. It distinguishes each daughter cell from the bacterial DNA. In addition, mesosomal infolding increases the surface area of the plasma membrane, which in turn increases nutrient absorption.