Question

Mention the asexual reproductive structures of Penicillium.

Answer 1

Hint: Penicillium is a saprophytic fungus known as blue or green fungus. They are found on the ground, in the air, when you break down fruits, vegetables, meat, and more. Asexual reproduction occurs via unicellular, mononuclear, immobile, conidial spores; formed on the conidiophores. Penicillium is included in the Ascomycetes of kingdom fungi.

Complete answer:
Asexual reproduction in conidia takes place by the formation of conidia.
Conidia: Conidia develop on the branched, septate, and polynuclear conidiophores. Conidiophores are upright bodies that are developed by each cell in the mycelium.
The brush-like apical portion of the conidiophore is known as the penicillins, which carries many bottles in the shape of a bottle. Sometimes it contains a primary, secondary, or tertiary branch, and a terminal branch called the metulae, which carries sterigmata walls that are smooth or sometimes rough.
Conidia are spread by wind and, when the right conditions are reached, germinate into new mycelium.
Oidia: Penicillium mycelium hyphae, when growing immersed in a sugar solution, are separated into short mononuclear segments with additional septa. The latter are rounded and separated as thin-walled spore-like structures called oidia. Oftentimes, the number of oidia increases by budding. This is known as the torula stage.
The fungus in the torula state leads to the fermentation of sugar into alcohol. This process is known as alcoholic fermentation. On a solid medium, any oil is germinated to produce normal mycelium. When Penicillium conidia turn into a sugar solution, they also don't produce normal mycelium. Instead, each conidium germinates to produce thin-walled yeast-like cells which begin to germinate like oidiospore to create a torula stage.

Note:
Conidiophores appear as outgrowths of upright tubular hyphae from any mycelium cells and not from specialized cells (leg cells) as in Aspergillus. After the vegetative growth phase, the older parts of the mycelium develop into erect hyphae. They are negative geotropic and arise individually from each mycelium cell. Each grows in length vertically. From a certain height, the conidiophore branches get blocked once or twice or even several times. Sexual reproduction in Penicillium takes place by the formation of ascospores.