Question

Mendel conducted his hybridization experiments on
(a)Chickpea
(b)Garden pea
(c)Pigeon pea
(d)Wild pea

Answer 1

Hint It belongs to the family leguminaceae, and consists of a small seed enclosed in a pod. The combination of two complementary single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules is known as hybridization which allows them to form a single double-stranded molecule with base pairing. It is used in certain laboratory techniques such as Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction.

Complete answer:
Mendel conducted his hybridization experiments on the garden pea. He began to search around 1854 in the transmission of hereditary traits in the plant hybrids. He used peas due to its distinct characters and varieties and because of the offspring which quickly and easily gets produced. He performed cross-hybridization among pea plants which had opposite characteristics such as the tall with the short plant, the smooth with the wrinkled, and the green seeds with the yellow seeds. He acquired 34 varieties of peas and conducted his experiment which varied its size and color. Mendel concluded various laws after the breeding. The other forms of genes which determine the heritable traits are known as alleles that are received by each offspring from each parent. The alleles are different and if one is expressed and the other is not then the trait is dominant and the other trait is recessive.

Additional information:
Pea plant exhibits a variety of contrasting traits and shapes of pea flower which is protected from foreign pollen. They reproduce by self-pollination and produce a flower with fertilizers and eggs in the same flower and grows quickly without the requirement of much space. The color of the flower was white and the formation of ripe pods was constricted during the recessive expression. The length of the stem and the color of unripe and pods were yellow with the position of the flower at the terminal during a recessive expression. The exact position of the flower and the round seed shape were the dominant characters which include the green pod color.

So, the correct answer is 'Garden pea'.

Note: Gregor Mendel became the 'father of genetics', who was a monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through his experiments on the garden pea. He researched the transmission of hereditary traits in plant hybrids in 1854.