Question

Match the soaps given in column I with items given in column II

List $ 1 $	List $ 2 $
Soap chips	Dried miniature soap formed bubbles
Soap granules	Small broken pieces of soap formed from melted soaps
Soap powder	Soap powder $ + $ abrasives $ + $ builders ( $ N{a_2}C{O_3} $ , $ N{a_3}P{O_4} $ )
Scouring soap	Soap powder $ + $ builders like $ N{a_2}C{O_3} $ and $ N{a_3}P{O_4} $

Answer 1

Hint: Soaps and detergents are chemical compounds used as cleansing agents. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. Sodium salts of fatty acids are called hard soaps whereas potassium salts of fatty acids are called soft soaps. Sodium stearate and sodium palmitate are examples of soaps.

Complete answer:
Saponification reaction is the reaction by which soaps are made. In this reaction, triglycerides(ester) react with sodium or potassium hydroxides (base) in the presence of water to give sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids (soap) and glycerol (alcohol).
Based on the raw materials used, soaps can be of different types.
Soap chips : These are formed by the spreading and cooling of melted soap. The melted soap is allowed to fall onto a cool cylinder from where it is scraped off into small pieces.
Soap granules : Drying of small soap bubbles produces soap granules. Granules thus formed have a dry texture.
Soap powder : It includes soap powder and builders like sodium carbonate ( $ N{a_2}C{O_3} $ ) and trisodium phosphate ( $ N{a_3}P{O_4} $ ). Builders enhance the action of soap by increasing its cleaning efficiency and inactivating the water hardness.
Scouring soap : It contains soap powder, abrasives (scouring agent) and builders. Abrasives include tough materials like powdered pumice or finely divided sand particles that help to remove dirt or grease more easily by hard scrubbing.
Therefore, the right matching pairs are :
Soap chips $ \to $ Small broken pieces of soap formed from melted soaps
Soap granules $ \to $ Dried miniature soap formed bubbles
Soap powder $ \to $ Soap powder $ + $ builders like $ N{a_2}C{O_3} $ and $ N{a_3}P{O_4} $
Scouring soap $ \to $ Soap powder $ + $ abrasives $ + $ builders ( $ N{a_2}C{O_3} $ , $ N{a_3}P{O_4} $) .

Note:
Water that forms lather with soap is called soft water, while that does not form lather with soap is called hard water. The former contains high concentrations of sodium ions while the latter is rich in carbonates, bicarbonates and sulphates of magnesium and calcium due to which it is hard. When soap is added to hard water, the reaction with magnesium and calcium salts forms a white curdy precipitate called scum. It does not form lather. The scum produced can damage the fabrics and cause skin irritations.