Question

Match the following social reforms of modern India with the reform organisations founded by them and the year of their foundation.

List I	List II
Raja Ram Mohan Roy	Tattwabodhini Sabha ( )
Devendra Nath Tagore	Brahmo Samaj of India ( )
Keshav Chandra Sen	Brahmo Samaj ( )
MG Ranade	Arya Samaj ( )
Dayanand Saraswathi	Prarthana Samaj ( )

A.A-ii, B-i, C-ii, D-v, E-iv
B. A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-v, E-iv
C. A-iii, B-ii, C-i, D-iv, E-v
D. A- ii, B- I, C- iii, D- v, E- iv

Answer 1

Hint:Leading up to the independence of India from the British rule, people were adapting multiple choices of living and existing in the social scenario with a purpose of uniting the people in the nation in order to fight our way to freedom through strategies and ideologies that are preferred by certain individuals. Hence, social reforms were introduced in India in the late 19th to early 20th century. Most of these reforms were surrounded by the concepts of god and religion.

Complete answer:
Tattwabodhini Sabha: The Tattwabodhinī Sabha was formed on 6 October 1839 in Calcutta by a group of Hindu reformers and poets. The motto of the reform was to find the truth and ‘searching society’. It acted as a splinter group of the Brahmo Samaj. The founding member of this group was Debendranath Tagore who was previously a part of the Brahmo Samaj, in 1859 The Tattwabodhinī Sabha was merged back into the Brāhmo Samāj by Debendranath Tagore.

Brahmo samaj of India: Brahmo samaj was one of the atheistic movements within Hinduism. This movement was founded in Calcutta in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. The Brahmo Samaj refuses to fall under the authority of the Vedas and they do not believe in any of the avatars (incarnations) or karma (causal effects of past deeds). They also refuse to believe in the concept of rebirth. They adopt some Christian practices in its worship. Influenced by Islam and Christianity, it denounces polytheism, image worship, and the caste system.
Arya samaj: Arya Samaj stands as a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement who share the opposite concept of brahmo samaj by choosing life that promotes values and practices based on the authority of the Vedas. Maharishi Dayanand Saraswathi founded the samaj in April 1875 . Members of the Arya Samaj refuse to believe in multiple gods and reject the worship of idols.

Brahmo Samaj: it is one of the most influential societal components of Brahmoism, which was introduced as a monotheistic reformist movement of Hinduism. This movement appeared during the Bengal Renaissance. After the collapse of this movement, it is practised today mainly as the Adi Dharm. The change started due to the publication of Hemendranath Tagore's book, Brahmo Anusthan (code of practice) which formally divorced Brahmoism from Hinduism. The first Brahmo Samaj was founded in 1861 at Lahore by Pandit Nobin Chandra Roy.

Prarthana Samaj: Known as the "Prayer Society" in Sanskrit, this was a religious movement based on Bombay. Prarthana Samaj was initiated by two brothers, Dadoba Pandurang and Atmaram Pandurang in 1867 with an aim to make people believe in one God and worship only one God. It gained social momentum after Mahadev Govind Ranade joined.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note:The goal of the social reform movements in the 19th century was to "purify" and "rediscover" an Indian society that would adhere to the European ideals of rationalism, empiricism, monotheism and individualism. These reforms also acted as the gathering ground of young and woke minds which helped the nation to achieve its freedom and build a culture.