Question

Match List $1$ [Layer of atmosphere] and List $2$ [characteristics] and select the answer using the code given below;

Layer of atmosphere	Characteristics
i. Ionosphere	a. Contains ozone
ii. Stratosphere	b. Reflects radio waves
iii. Exosphere	c. Fall in temperature
iv. Troposphere	d. Extremely low air density

A. (i)-b; (ii)-c; (iii)-d; (iv)-a
B. (i)-b; (ii)-a; (iii)-d; (iv)-c
C. (i)-b; (ii)-c; (iii)-a; (iv)-d
D. (i)-c; (ii)-a; (iii)-d; (iv)-b

Answer 1

Hint: The atmosphere has four layers Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Exosphere. The Mesosphere is the coldest layer of the atmosphere. The Ionosphere is the hottest layer. Most atmospheric ozone is concentrated in the stratosphere layer.

Complete step by step answer:
Troposphere:
This is the lowest of the atmosphere. Living at the surface of the earth, we are only aware of the events happening in the lowest layer, the troposphere, where all the weather occurs. The base of the layer is warmer than its top because the air is heated by the surface of the Earth, which absorbs the Sun’s energy. The troposphere contains about $75\% $ of all of the air in the atmosphere. The top of the troposphere is the tropopause.

Stratosphere:
Above the troposphere lies the stratosphere where jet airplanes fly. Temperatures in the stratosphere are highest over the summer pole, and lowest over the winter pole. Temperatures increase with altitude because of increasing amounts of ozone. The ozone layer within the stratosphere absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays of sunlight.

Mesosphere:
As the mesosphere extends upward above the stratosphere, temperature decreases. The coldest parts of our atmosphere are located in this layer and can reach $ - {90^0}C$

Ionosphere:
In the fourth layer from Earth’s surface, the ionosphere, the air is thin, meaning that there are far fewer air molecules. The ionosphere is very sensitive to solar activity and can heat up to ${1500^0}C$ or higher when the Sun is active making an aurora that lights up the night sky. Astronauts orbiting Earth in the space station or space shuttle spend their time in this layer. This layer reflects radio waves.

Exosphere:
The upper layer of our atmosphere, where atoms and molecules escape into space, is called the exosphere.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: The four main layers of the atmosphere have different temperature gradients, creating the thermal structure of the atmosphere. The layer of the atmosphere appears in different colors.