Question

Match column I (Indian forest types) with column II (Dominant tree genera) and choose the correct option.

Column 1	Column 2
Tropical rainforest	Hopea
Tropical deciduous forest	Shorea
Temperate broadleaf forest	Picea
Temperate coniferous forest	Quercus

A. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
B. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
C. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
D. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
E. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

Answer 1

Hint: The ecosystem that is found only on land is called the terrestrial ecosystem. The key to the meaning of terrestrial ecosystem means in the word ‘terrestrial’, which means anything occurring on land. Therefore, the terrestrial ecosystem refers to the interacting system made up of living organisms and non-living objects occurring on land. Only 28 percent of the Earth’s surface belongs to terrestrial ecosystems.

Complete answer:
A. Tropical rainforest: The Tropical rainforest has the Hopea as the dominant tree genera. Tropical rainforests occur at the low altitude zones near the equator and are characterized by a high temperature, high rainfall, and the greatest diversity of species. Defoliation occurs only for a short period. The climate is humid with a rainfall of over 200 cms a year. The Western Ghats, parts of Assam, Andamans, etc., exhibits this type of forest. The flora comprises of Dipterocarpus, hopea, Schima, Xylia, etc.,
B. Tropical deciduous forest: High humidity and warm climate coupled with heavy rainfall have produced dense tropical deciduous forests. Tree species are represented by Dipterocarpus, Shorea, Alstonia, etc., Epiphytic ferns and Orchids grow luxuriantly.
C. Temperate broadleaf forest: Temperate broadleaf forest is dominated by trees that lose their leaves every year. The deciduous leaf is characteristic of environments with distinct growing seasons. The common plants growing in this region were Cupressus, Abies densa, etc., Quercus is the major tree genera of this forest.
 D. Temperate coniferous forest: Coniferous forests are common in countries like Australia, Africa, and New Zealand exhibit temperate climate in the extreme southern regions. Picea is the major tree genera of this forest.
The Tropical rainforest has the Hopea as the dominant tree genera, in tropical deciduous forest Shorea is the major tree genera, Temperate broadleaf forest has the Quercus dominant major tree genera and Picea is the temperate Coniferous forest.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: A forest is a very complicated ecosystem that is composed of trees and shrubs. There are different types of forests that are determined by factors including latitude, altitude, temperature, rainfall patterns, and soil composition. Climate, soil types, and topography are the main factors that determine the type of forest. There are three types of’ major types of forest- Taiga forest, temperate forests, and tropical forests.