Question

Match between the following representing parts of the sperm and their functions and choose the correct option.

Column A	Column B
A. Head	(i) enzymes
B. Middle piece	(ii) Sperm motility
C. Acrosome	(iii) Energy
D. Tail	(iv) Genetic material

(a) A-(ii),B-(iv),C-(i),D-(iii)
(b)A-(iv),B-(iii),C-(i),D-(ii)
(c )A-(iv),B-(i),C-(ii),D-(iii)
(d)A-(ii),B-(i),C-(iii),D-(iv)

Answer 1

Hint: Sperm is the male gamete that fuses with the female gamete or ovum and produces a diploid unicellular cell called the zygote. It contains several structures that are highly adapted for reaching and penetrating an ovum.

Complete answer:
A typical structure of sperms is composed of a head, neck, middle piece, and a tail. The sperm head contains the genetic material represented by an elongated haploid nucleus. Its anterior portion is covered by a cap-like structure known as acrosome. The penetration of sperm into the egg is because of the presence of acrosome in the head. It contains digestive enzymes like hyaluronidase and acrosin which helps in the dissolution of the plasma membrane of the egg cell. Its penetration into the ovum brings about fertilization. The middle piece or midpiece contains mitochondria arranged spirally. It provides the energy or ATP for locomotion of sperm to the site of fertilization and sperm metabolism.
The tail is the terminal and longest portion of the sperm which tapers at the end. It is composed of microtubules and is responsible for its motility.

Additional Information: -The process during which sperm cells are formed is known as spermatogenesis and it takes place in the seminiferous tubule of the testis.
-The sperm cell is produced in the male testicles in seminiferous tubules. This tube leads to the epididymis.
-In the epididymis, the sperm cells are stored until they become mature. The epididymis then leads the mature sperm to the spermatic cord, which on ejaculation sends sperm mixed in with fluid to the urethra, from which the semen is released.
So, the correct answer is ‘A-(iv),B-(iii),C-(i),D-(ii).’

Note: -The fluid in which the sperms float is secreted from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland and gets mixed with the sperm to provide the liquid medium.
- From the early stage to full maturity, it takes about 3 months to produce a sperm cell.
-Spermatogenesis is under the control of Follicle-stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.