Question

List the two methodologies which were involved in the human genome project. Mention how they were used.

Answer 1

Hint: The human genome project was an international scientific research project that makes use of two methodologies that aims at identifying cDNAs and the locations of the coding as well as non-coding regions of genes followed by assigning functions to those genes.

Complete answer:
 The two methodologies that took part in the human genome project are:
Expressed sequence tags: They are short subsequences of cDNA sequence and the methodology involving expressed sequence tags focuses on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA.
Sequence annotation: It is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all the coding regions in the genome and further determining the roles of those genes. Thus, this methodology was used for sequencing the whole set of the genome and later assigning different regions in the sequence with functions.

Additional information:
The human genome project or HGP was a scientific research project that aims to classify the base pairs that make up human DNA and to identify and map all the genes of the human genome. This project was a 13-year long project that was initiated in the year 1990 and completed on April 14, 2003.
Goals of the human genome project include:
-Sequencing the entire human genome that is made up of$3 \times {10^9}$base pairs.
-Identification of the complete human genome.
-Creating genome sequence databases for data storage.
-Optimization of data analytics.
-Taking care of the ethical, social, and legal issues that this project may pose.

Note: The human genome project is a scientific research project that helps in sequencing, identifying and mapping genes of the human genome. One of the potential benefits of this project is in the field of molecular medicine i.e., better diagnosis of disease, early detection of certain diseases, and gene therapy.