Question

List the hormones secreted by the kidney.

Answer 1

Hint:-The kidneys produce three hormones: 1. Erythropoietin,
2. Calcitriol (1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol)
3. Renin.
It also synthesizes prostaglandins.

Complete step-by-step solution:-The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs. The main function of the kidney is to filter blood. The kidney also secretes hormones, it secrete 3 hormones: erythropoietin, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and renin.Erythropoietin and renin are secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells and they both are peptide hormones.Calcitriol, which is a steroid hormone, is produced in the cells of the proximal tubules of the nephrons.So, first we'll talk about Erythropoietin: As we already mentioned, erythropoietin is a peptide hormone.It is produced in the condition called hypoxia (insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues) as erythropoietin is responsible for the formation of RBC from the haematopoietic stem cells in the bonemarrow.The second hormone is calcitriol also known as 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol, which is the active form of vitamin D. Due to calcitriol, calcium-binding protein increases and it increases the intestinal absorption of calcium. Calcitriol plays an important role in the bone formation.The third hormone is Renin: Renin release in some conditions like increased blood pressure or low sodium levels in the body.The renin plays an important part in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAASregulates cardiac output and arterial pressure by regulating the water and ions flow in urine.

Note:- As we already mentioned that the kidney also produces some prostaglandins. The prostaglandins are made up of lipids at sites of tissue damage or infection as they are involved in dealing with injury and illness. They are also involved in processes like inflammation, blood flow, the formation of blood clots and the induction of labour.