Question

List the common characteristics of all living organisms.

Answer 1

Hint: A complex and unique organisation of molecules that are expressed with the help of chemical reactions and result in the growth, development, adaptation and reproduction is referred to as life. Living organisms show these characteristics of life.

Complete answer: The common characteristics of living organisms are as follows:
i. Cellular structure: Since every living organism is composed of one or more cells, the cellular structure is considered to be the defining property of living beings.
ii. Metabolism: Many chemical reactions take place within the body of living things. The sum total of all these reactions is defined as metabolism. Catabolism and anabolism are the two types of metabolism. When complex molecules or substances are formed from simple ones it is referred to as anabolism. The breaking down of complex molecules into simpler ones is known as catabolism.
iii. Growth: It is the increase in the mass of an individual and it is an irreversible process.
iv. Reproduction: When new individuals are formed from preexisting life it is referred to as reproduction. Reproduction is required for the maintenance of a population. Reproduction may be sexual or asexual.
v. Consciousness: Living beings are aware of their surroundings and have the ability to respond to stimuli. This phenomenon is referred to as consciousness.
vi. Organisation: The components and subcomponents present in a living being cooperate with each other for survival. This is known as the organisation.
vii. Energy: Energy is required by organisms for survival.
viii. Homeostasis: Living beings have the ability to maintain a stable internal state despite the various changes occurring in the external environment.
Variations, adaptation, healing and repair, movements, life span and death are some other characteristics of living organisms.

Note: Some important points are listed below:
i. All living organisms can be distinguished by their own specific form and structure.
ii. A number of traits distinguish a living object from a nonliving one.