Question

List Positive and Negative radicals in Chemistry.

Answer 1

Hint: A radical is an atom, molecule, or ion with an unpaired valence electron in chemistry. These unpaired electrons make radicals very chemically reactive, with a few exceptions. Many radicals dimerize on their own. The majority of organic radicals have a limited life span. Radicals can be produced in a variety of ways, but redox processes are the most common. Radicals are known to be produced by ionising radiation, heat, electrical discharges, and electrolysis. Radicals are intermediates in a wide range of chemical processes, many more than the balanced equations suggest.

Complete answer:
Radicals are made up of two types of molecules: spin-paired molecules and other radicals. Radicals are generated via homolysis of weak bonds or electron transfer, commonly known as reduction, from spin-paired molecules. Substitution, addition, and elimination processes are used to create radicals from other radicals.
A radical ion is a free radical species that carries a charge, as we saw before. There are two types of radical ions:
Ions of positive radicals
Ions of negative radicals
It's important to understand that positive radical ions are also referred to as radical cations. Negative radical ions are sometimes referred to as radical anions.
We must understand that cationic radical species are unstable. They play a significant role in mass spectrometry. When a gas-phase molecule is subjected to electron ionisation, one of its electrons is captured by an electron in the electron beam, resulting in the formation of the radical cation $ {{M}^{+}} $ . This species denotes the parent ion or molecular ion.
Examples of positive radicals include $ N{{a}^{+}},F{{e}^{2+}},A{{g}^{+}},A{{l}^{3+}},C{{r}^{3+}} $
Acid radicals, such as $ N{{O}^{3-}} $ , $ C{{l}^{-}} $ , $ {{F}^{-}},{{I}^{-}},{{C}^{4-}} $ and others, have a negative charge.

Note:
Radicals have a role in a variety of chemical processes, including combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many more. Radical-generating enzymes are responsible for the majority of natural products. The radicals superoxide and nitric oxide, as well as their reaction products, govern numerous processes in living beings, including vascular tone and consequently blood pressure. They're also important in the intermediate metabolism of a variety of biological substances. In a mechanism known as redox signalling, such radicals can even act as messengers. A radical can be trapped in a solvent cage or bonded in some other way.