Question

Who led the Hao Hao Movement?
(A) Huynh Phu So
(B) Nguyen Dinh Chieu
(C) Phan Boi Chau
(D) Sun Yat-Sen

Answer 1

Hint: The Hoa Hao, along with the syncretic religious group Cao Dai, was one of the first groups to begin armed hostilities against French and later Japanese colonialists.

Complete Solution Step by Step
What Who & When?
1. Hoa Hao, a Vietnamese Buddhist religious movement founded in 1939 by the Buddhist reformer Huynh Phu So.
2. It was a religious uprising against the French.
3. He did miracles, and he supported the needy.
4. He criticized the selling of children's brides, gambling, the consumption of alcohol, and opium.
5. He was considered insane by the French and held in a mental hospital

Where & How?
1. Centered in the affluent Mekong River delta region of southern Vietnam, where most of its followers were peasants, tenants, and rural workers, Hoa Hao expanded rapidly during the Japanese occupation of the Second World War.
2. After the war, it persisted as an autonomous power in Vietnamese politics, fighting both the French colonialists and the Ho Chi Minh nationalist Viet Minh movement.
3. After 1954, Hoa Hao and Cao Dai began armed resistance to the U.S.-backed administration of President Ngo Dinh Diem.
4. At the time of Diem's death in 1963, Hoa Hao had jurisdiction over many southern and western provinces of South Vietnam.
5. While many Hoa Hao backers supported the Communist-backed National Liberation Front in the late 1960s, Hoa Hao remained a dominant independent force in South Vietnamese politics until the Communists' final victory in 1975.

(A.) Huynh Phu So

Note
1. Hoa Hao was the second major new religious movement, established by Huynh Phu So, a Buddhist reformer.
2. Blending
3. Confucianism,
4. animism, and Indigenous Vietnamese religious traditions, the movement became a political and military presence that, like Cao Dai, was part of Vietnam's violent political universe in the years following World War II.