Question

Who is known as Darwin of the 20th century?
(a) R.H. Whittaker
(b) D.J. Ivanowsky
(c) Ernst Mayr
(d) T.O. Diemer

Answer 1

Hint: He gave key contributions to the synthesis of Systematics and the Origin of Species, published in 1942. It asserted the importance of and began to elucidate population variation in evolutionary processes including speciation.

Complete step by step answer:
Ernst Mayr is understood as Darwin of the 20th century. He’s referred to as the father of the 20th century as he contributed tons to science. He was the number one evolutionary biologist in his time. He promoted and dispersed Darwin's hypotheses.
So, the correct answer is '(c) Ernst Mayr'.

Additional information:
Although Darwin and others posited that multiple species could evolve from one common ancestor, the mechanism by which this occurred wasn't understood, creating the species problem. Ernst Mayr approached the matter with a replacement definition for species. In his book Systematics and the Origin of Species (1942) he wrote that a species isn't just a bunch of morphologically similar individuals, but a bunch which will breed only among themselves, excluding all others. When populations within a species become isolated by geography, feeding strategy, mate choice, or other means, they'll start to differ from other populations through genetic drift and survival, and over time may evolve into new species. The foremost significant and rapid genetic reorganization occurs in extremely small populations that are isolated (as on islands) .

Note: Mayr is usually credited with inventing modern philosophy of biology, particularly the part associated with evolutionary biology, which he distinguished from physics due to its introduction of (natural) history into science. His theory of peripatric speciation (a more precise sort of allopatric speciation which he advanced), supported his work on birds and remains considered a number one mode of speciation.