Question

What kind of reproduction is seen in the following organisms? Penicillium, Chlamydomonas and sponges.

Answer 1

Hint: Reproduction is one of the most significant principles in biology in a general sense: it means creating a duplicate, a likeness, and therefore allowing for the continued life of organisms. While reproduction is often considered solely in terms of the development of offspring in animals and plants, it is much more important for living organisms to have a more general meaning.

Complete answer:
-Penicillium- By means of vegetative, asexual and sexual reproductive techniques, Penicillium has the capacity to reproduce. The splitting of vegetative mycelium into two or more parts occurs by vegetative reproduction, with each part growing individually just like the parent mycelium. Asexual reproduction occurs by developing asexual spores, known as conidiophores, that are fixed or immovable. In sexual reproduction, Penicillium is assigned to two separate genera, Eupenicillium and Talaromyces, the full state of the organism. Penicillium's male sex organs are referred to as antheridia, while ascogonia is known as the female sex organs.
-Chlamydomonas- Chlamydomonas, a genus of single-celled green biflagellated algae found in soils, rivers, and ditches. Chlamydomonas species, and one species, C, can become so abundant as to colour fresh water green. Nivalis produces a red pigment known as hematochrome, which often gives melting snow a red hue. The cells of most species of Chlamydomonas are more or less oval and have a non cellulosic membrane, a stigma, and a chloroplast that is typically cup-shaped. While photosynthesis occurs, the surface of the cell can also absorb nutrients. Asexual reproduction is carried out by zoospores. Gametes are created by sexual reproduction. The development of motility, sexual differentiation and gamete fusion appears to be based on the production of substances which have hormone-like regulatory action.
-Sponges- Aquatic invertebrates that make up the phylum Porifera are sponges. The term "porifera" implies pore-bearing. Sponges both asexually and sexually reproduce. Asexual reproduction happens by budding. Eggs and sperm are produced by adult sponges. The same individuals create both in several animals. They don't produce eggs and sperm at the same time, however. Self-fertilization is unlikely to occur as a result. Sexual reproduction involves the sponge life cycle. Sponges can also asexually reproduce. The sperm is released through the osculum into the surrounding water. They can be trapped by collar cells if they enter a female sponge through a pore. Trapped sperm is transported within the female body to embryos, where fertilisation occurs.

Note: Therefore, at its lowest stage, reproduction is chemical replication. Cells of successively higher levels of complexity must have evolved as evolution advanced, and it was completely necessary that they had the capacity to make representations of themselves. The capacity of one cell to replicate itself in single-cell organisms implies the reproduction of a new individual; in multicellular organisms, however, it implies growth and regeneration.