Question

Ketonuria is
a) Albumin in urine
b) Globulin in urine
c) Ketone bodies in urine
d) None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Normally, glucose (sugar) is converted into energy with the help of insulin in the human body. If the body cells don't get enough glucose, then the body burns fat for energy instead.

Complete answer:
The term, Ketonuria is a medical condition, which represents the presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Ketone bodies are produced in the body as a normal response to a shortage of glucose. When they are present in the urine, it signifies that the body is burning fat and breaks down the fatty acids for energy.
Ketonuria occurs during starvation or when diabetes mellitus becomes out of control and the level of blood sugar rises up too high. When this happens, the body doesn't have sufficient insulin to get energy and so it produces excess ketones by breaking down the body tissue (fat and muscle). The production of higher levels of ketones is used to provide an alternative source of energy which acts as a fuel from fatty acids, without the need for insulin. Thus the presence of ketones in urine refers to Ketonuria.
Thus, the right option is C.

Note: When the level of insulin production is insufficient and the presence of ketone bodies are high, it leads to a serious life-threatening condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This condition severely affects the people with diabetes that can lead to diabetic coma or even death if untreated. DKA occurs very rarely for the person with type 2 diabetes and the risk of DKA is highest for the people with type 1 diabetes.
Symptoms of DKA include: Frequent urination, excessive thirst, feeling of nausea and vomiting, Fruity-scented breath, abdominal pain, weakness, and confusion.