Question

Kalyani Chalukya kingdom was established in
A. 973 AD
B.1012 AD
C.783 AD
D.1106 AD

Answer 1

Hint:We will discuss the origin of this kingdom , who founded it, who were the great rulers etc. We will also discuss the decline of the kingdom plus the circumstances that led to the establishment of such an empire. Apart from this we will also look into the administrative, economic and social conditions under this particular dynasty.

Complete answer:
First thing which needs a mention is how this dynasty got its name as Kalyani Chalukya. The answer is that the capital of the Kannadiga dynasty of south west India was Kalyani and thus it gets its name.
Now the second question that comes to our mind is how historians got to know about this dynasty? Answer is, knowledge of Western Chalukya history has come through examination of the numerous Kannada language inscriptions left by the kings of kannada dynasties. From these inscriptions we also find that this dynasty was from the early Badami Chalukyan bloodline. Yet we find a hairlike distinction.
After years of struggle between chola dynasty (Tanjore) and Kalyani Chalukyas, the fittest survived which means Kalyani Chalukyas won and settled in the western India and expanded their empire. Thus, all this happened approximately in973 AD which is also the year for the establishment of the Kalyani Chalukya dynasty in the west.

Speaking about the administration of this dynasty, we find that the council of the king not only excelled in ministerial ship but also in commanding the armies. The throne usually got passed to the son but in case the king did not have any son, the throne used to pass to the king's own brother. Kingdom was divided into provinces and each province had a governor. Now the governor could be trusted minister of the king or the son of the king. One interesting thing which we see here is that women of royal families were also appointed for running the administration of provinces which basically suggests good condition and status of women in society.

As far as the economy of the state was concerned, we found that local people were almost involved in agriculture and taxes were collected on land and produce. People usually resided in villages. Export and import also used to take place on which taxes were imposed. Because export and import took place, transportation facilities also needed to be maintained by the state and that is why tolls were also collected along with export and import duty.

Note:The founder of this dynasty was Taila II. The last ruler of Rashtrakuta Dynasty Kakka II (Karaka) was killed by Taila II and thus Taila II became the founder of the respective dynasty. This dynasty lasted for two centuries and was continuously in conflict with cholas.