Question

Juxtaglomerular cells of the renal cortex synthesizes an enzyme called
(a) AdH
(b) Oxytocin
(c) Renin
(d) Urochrome
(e) Glucocorticoids

Answer 1

Hint: It plays an important role in regulating blood volume and systemic vascular resistance, which together influence cardiac output and arterial pressure. It is a proteolytic enzyme that is released into circulation by the kidneys. It is stimulated by decreased sodium delivery to the distal tubules of the kidney.

Complete step by step answer:
In the kidney, renin is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the renal cortex. It typically participates in the renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system which maintains the blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. It breaks the angiotensinogen which is secreted by the liver into a peptide angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is further cleaved into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II follows up on the adrenal organs and delivers aldosterone which follows up on the collecting tubules to absorb more sodium particles which in turn builds the retention of water and increases the blood volume. It additionally follows up on the CNS to build water intake by invigorating thirst.

So, the correct answer is ‘Rennin’.

Additional information: Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells related to the afferent arteriole entering the renal glomerulus are the essential site of renin stockpiling and delivery. A decrease in afferent arteriole pressure causes the arrival of renin from the JG cells, though expanded pressure hinders renin discharge. $\beta$-1 adrenoceptors situated on the JG cells react to thoughtful nerve incitement by delivering renin. Particular cells (macula densa) of distal tubules lie nearby the JG cells of the afferent arteriole. The macula densa faculties the convergence of sodium and chloride particles in the cylindrical liquid. At the point when NaCl is raised in the rounded fluid, renin discharge is repressed.

Note: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway isn't just managed by the components that invigorate renin discharge, yet it is additionally modulated by natriuretic peptides delivered by the heart. These natriuretic peptides go about as a significant counter-regulatory system. In the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, therapeutic manipulation of this pathway is very important.