Question

Jhum cultivation is also known as
(a) Terrace cultivation
(b) Tribal cultivation
(c) Shifting cultivation
(d) Farming on a slope

Answer 1

Hint: A large forest land is cleared and is used for cultivation, grazing of cattle, and is left abandoned for several years to recover, people ‘shift’ to another place for cultivation.

Complete answer:
Farmers cut down the trees and burnt the plant remains in a particular area of the forest. The ash from the burnt plants acts as a fertilizer. Now the land is used for cultivation, farming, and grazing cattle. After cultivation, the area is left for several years allowing for recovery. This type of cultivation is called Jhum cultivation also called shifting cultivation.

Additional Information: -In Jhum cultivation, the period of cultivation depends on the soil. If the soil shows signs of exhaustion and weeds growth then they terminate the cultivation in that place
-That palace was left abandoned for several years. This gives time to recovery.
-This type of cultivation is practiced in many parts of India.
-Until the 21st century, the land used for Jhuming cultivation was left abandoned for recovery but after that people started to colonize and disturbed the ecosystem.
-There will be a greater loss of soil organic matter, nutrients if they are cultivated on the same land for more time.
-In Jhuming cultivation, mainly affected ones are plants by deforestation that converts forested land into non-forested land.
-The main consequences of deforestation are enhanced carbon dioxide, loss of biodiversity and habitation, disturbed hydrogen cycle, soil erosion, and desertification in extreme cases.
So, the correct answer is ‘shifting cultivation’

Note: -In the north-eastern parts of India, Jhum cultivation is commonly known as podu cultivation.
-At the beginning of the 20th century, 30% of the land in India was covered by forest but now it is declined to 19.4% because of deforestation.