Question

Jaya and Ratna are the semi-dwarf varieties of 
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice 
(c) Cowpea
(d) Mustard

Answer 1

Hint: China is the largest and India is the second-largest producer of this crop. It forms a major part of the Indian diet. This is used to make many dishes like Idli, dosa etc.

Complete answer:
Jaya and Ratna are semi- dwarf varieties of rice that were developed in India. Rice production in India increased from 35 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes due to the development of these semi- dwarf varieties.
Several other varieties of different crops were also developed all around the world:
- Wheat: Norin 10 a dwarfing gene was first observed in Japan. Later Borlaug, also known as the father of the green revolution developed triple dwarf or high yielding Mexican varieties of wheat.
- Rice: The dwarfing gene in rice was first seen in Taiwan and it was known as dee-geo-woo-gene. This gene was introduced in rice varieties and high yielding IR- 8 and IR- 24 varieties were developed by IRRI in the Philippines.
- Millets: Development of hybrid jowar, bajra, and maize has been done in India. These varieties were stress- resistant.
Several crop varieties were developed by hybridization which were disease resistant. 
- Wheat variety himgiri was resistant to leaf and stripe rust and hill blunt.
- Cauliflower variety Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K- 1 are resistant to white rust.
- Cowpea variety Pusa Komal is resistant to bacterial blight.
- Chilli variety Pusa Sadabahar is resistant to chilli mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and leaf curl.
So, the correct answer is,” Jaya and Ratna are the semi- dwarf varieties of rice.”

Note: Several other breeding techniques have been developed which include mutation breeding, plant breeding for disease and pest resistance, plant breeding for improving quality of food, and plant tissue culture. Single- cell proteins are being mass- produced, these are microbial biomass which has a high quality of proteins, vitamins, and minerals and can be used as food supplements. Yeast, Chlorella, etc are some examples of SCPs.