Question

…………….is the basal part of diencephalon with endocrine function regulating a wide spectrum of body function.
A) Pineal gland
B) Pituitary gland
C) Hypothalamus
D) Adrenal gland

Answer 1

Hint: Hypothalamus is located below the thalamus and it is a small region of the brain. It contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. It also helps to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland is present underneath the brain and controls vital body functions. Pineal gland is located in the epi-thalamus or in the middle of the brain.

Complete Answer:
Hypothalamus is a small region of the brain below the thalamus it is located at the base of the brain near a pituitary gland. Its fiction is in releasing hormones, regulating body temperature, controlling appetite, managing sexual behavior, and regulating emotional response. They have three main regions: the Anterior region, the Middle region, and the posterior region.
Anterior region- In this region, major nuclei include the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei there are some smaller nuclei in the anterior region there is some important hormones are produced in the anterior region Corticotropin-releasing hormone, Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, Vasopressin, somatostatin.
Middle region- It is also called the tuberal region major nuclei are ventromedial and arcuate nuclei. Releasing hormones are GHRH This is responsible for growth and development of the body.
Posterior region- This area is called the mammillary gland. This posterior hypothalamus nucleus and mammillary nuclei are the main nuclei.
In option A: The pineal gland is a small, pea-shaped gland in the brain. Its function is to release some hormones, including melatonin. So, this option is not correct.
In option B: The pituitary gland is also called “master gland” because it monitors and regulates many bodily functions through the hormones that it produces as example-growth and sexual development and function. So, this option is not correct.
In option D: The adrenal gland is also called a suprarenal gland, either of two small triangular endocrine glands one of which is located above each kidney. So, this option is not correct.
Hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon with endocrine function regulating a wide spectrum of body function.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Note:
In hypothalamic dysfunction, several things occur- head injuries, genetic disorder, birth defects, tumor around the hypothalamus, eating disorder. For healthy hypothalamus, eat a balanced diet, enough sleep, exercise. It is the main link between the endocrine and nervous system to stimulate response to the body. It helps to keep the body stable and maintains homoeostasis in the body.