Question

Introduction of foreign gene for improving genotype is called as
A. Tissue culture
B. Vernalization
C. Genetic engineering
D. Eugenics

Answer 1

Hint: Biotechnology is the branch of biology that deals with the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products. Introduction of foreign genes into the host helps in changing the genotype of that organism. This technique involves rDNA to change the genetic makeup of the organism.

Complete answer:
Technique of manipulating prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA has witnessed a remarkable development. This has allowed the breaking of a DNA molecule at two desired places to isolate a specific DNA segment and then its insertion in another DNA molecule at a desired position. This technique involves recombinant DNA or rDNA and it is called genetic engineering.
The technique that is used to alter the genetic material like DNA and RNA, so as to introduce these into the host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism is called genetic engineering.
Unlike in sexual reproduction, the former helps in providing opportunities for the variations and formulation of unique combinations of genetic setup, some of them are also beneficial to the organisms as well as the population but at time it leads to the introduction of undesirable genes too. The techniques of genetic engineering include creation of recombinant DNA, use of gene cloning and gene transfer. It helps in isolation and introducing only one or a set of desirable genes without the introduction of undesirable genes into the target organism.
This technique is used to make changes in the genetic makeup of cells that includes the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.

Hence, option C is the correct answer.

Note:
Genetic engineering has a successful role in fields like medicine, industrial biotechnology, research and agriculture. The first GMO was a bacterium that was generated by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. Rudolf Jaenisch created the first GM animal which was a mouse whereas the first food that was created was Flavr Savr tomato.