Question

Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupts
A. Short term memory
B. Coordination during locomotion
C. Executive functions, such as discussion making
D. Regulation of body temperature

Answer 1

Hint: The hypothalamus is a part of the forebrain. It is the part of the brain that contains a series of small nuclei that have different functions. Hypothalamus connects the nervous and endocrine systems through the pituitary gland; it is one of the important functions of hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus and is part of the limbic system.

Complete answer:
Let's first see the iImportant function of hypothalamus
Regulation of body temperature: The hypothalamic nucleus acts as a biological thermostat. These thermostats are usually set to maintain a temperature of 37 ° C.
Food intake control: The ventral and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus control food intake. The ventral nucleus serves as the saturation center, and the hypothalamus is the hunger center. These two key areas play a role in glucose homeostasis in the body.
Controlling water content in the body: The region of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus also serves as the center of thirst. The hypothalamus also contains an osmotic receptor, which determines the osmotic pressure of plasma flowing through the hypothalamus. When the water level in the body decreases, the thirst center is stimulated and the person drinks and replenishes water.
Higher center of the autonomic nervous system: The hypothalamus is known as the main node of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic activity is controlled by the hypothalamus.
Endocrine regulation: Almost all hormonal secretions in the body are controlled by the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary gland, which secretes many tropical hormones, is constantly under the influence of various factors or factors that prevent their release from the hypothalamus. gonads.
Effects on sleep, wakefulness and anxiety: the impulse of the reticular activation system increases with movement, reaching cerebral relays in the various nuclei of the hypothalamus. In the hypothalamus, the transmission of additional impulses is regulated through the center, which regulates the state of arousal, a person's sleep.
Role of the biological clock: The cross-phase key region of the hypothalamus is thought to serve as the biological clock. This core controls the timing of your body.
From these points it's clear that from the options given above the main function of hypothalamus is regulation of body temperature. So Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt Regulation of body temperature. Other options are not the function of hypothalamus.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Note:
When some of these neurons are destroyed in the hypothalamus, persistent sleep occurs, indicating the presence of a sleep center in the hypothalamus.
Hypothalamic disorders can cause disturbances in appetite, body temperature, and sleep. For example, hypothalamic obesity sometimes develops in response to severe damage / damage to the hypothalamus, which affects the centers that regulate appetite and energy levels. Hypothalamic obesity often causes morbid obesity and is characterized by uncontrollable eating disorders that can be associated with other complications of obesity such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and mood disorders.