Question

Industrial melanism is an example of
A. Neo-Lamarckism
B. Neo-Darwinism
C. Natural selection
D. Mutation

Answer 1

Hint: Lamarckian inheritance is also known as "Neo-Lamarckism".
It is the notion which states that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime.
Neo-Darwinism is generally used to describe Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection together with Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics.

Complete answer:
Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection.
There is different type of evolution seen on the earth:
1. Divergent evolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Parallel evolution
4. Natural evolution
Divergent evolution: It refers to the process by which interbreeding species diverged into two or more evolutionary groups.
Example: Vertebrate hearts or brains.
Convergent evolution: It is the process where organisms are not closely related to each other and independently evolve similar traits as a result they have to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
For example: The eye of the octopus and of mammals.
Parallel evolution: It is the independent evolution of similar traits, starting from a similar ancestral condition.
Natural evolution: Charles Darwin's theory of evolution states that evolution happens by natural selection.
For example: Industrial melanism, Sickle cell anaemia, Antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

So, the correct option is option C. Natural selection.

Note: Adaptive Radiation: This is the process of evolution of different species found in a given geographical area starting from a particular point and radiating to other areas of habitats is referred as adaptive radiation.
For example: Darwin’s finches and Australian marsupials.