Question

Inductive effect (\[+I\]) is shown by:
a.) \[-C{{H}_{3}}\]
b.) \[-Br\]
c.) \[-Cl\]
d.) \[-N{{O}_{2}}\]

Answer 1

Hint: For checking inductive effect we have to check difference between electronegativity of bonded atoms. Then we will find which will have the tendency to donate electrons. And +I is known as a positive inductive effect.

Complete step by step answer:
We know that inductive effect refers to the phenomenon where a permanent dipole arises in a given molecule due to the unequal sharing of the bonding electrons in the molecule.
There are two types of inductive effect: Negative inductive effect or -I effect and Positive inductive effect +I effect
Positive inductive effect refers to electron releasing tendency of functional groups. When a chemical species with the tendency to release or donate electrons is introduced to a carbon chain, the charge is relayed through the chain and this effect is called the Positive Inductive Effect or the +I Effect
 Example: alkyl, aryl, metals, etc.

Negative inductive effect refers to electron accepting tendency of functional groups. When an electronegative atom the resulting unequal sharing of electrons generates a positive charge which is transmitted through the chain.
So, in this question\[-C{{H}_{3}}\] shows positive inductive effect and other shows negative inductive effect. So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note: Inductive effect can arise in sigma bonds, whereas the electromeric effect can only arise in pi bonds. This inductive effect depends on the chain from which a compound is attached.