Question

In which of the following elaters are found?
A. Angiosperms
B. Bryophyta
C. Algae
D. Bacteria

Answer 1

Hint:
Normally, the elaters are characterized by their shape. The hygroscopic elongated structures present in them are generally diploid and spindle-shaped along with 2 spiral bands. The spiral shape part present in them is thickening inside them. They ought to show many twisty actions, and they support spore dispersion when they get to mature.

Complete answer:
In the phylum of bryophyte, the sporophyte like moss, liverwort, or hornwort is categorized. These living things which come under the class of bryophyte comprise of a foot, seta, and capsule.
These elaters are normally present inside the capsule, which exist in bryophytes. Their function is to serve in spore dispersal. They have a use in this process since they push the spores out of the body of the plant by absorbing the moisture present in it.
The spores which present in the capsules which are matured are associated with sterilized cells (which are also called elaters) and get to open by excruciating into valves.
Angiosperms are the large group that includes those plants, which have flowers and can yield seeds that are bounded within a carpe. They are not the category in which elaters are found.
Algae and bacteria are microorganisms; they have no use of elaters. So, they do not need elaters.

So, the answer is ‘Bryophyta i.e., Option (B).


Note: We should know that living things like Hepaticopsida (Marchantia) consist of the elaters. In living organisms such as Anthocerotopsida, Pseudoelators are present. However, on the other hand, both the Pseudoelators and elaters are absent in living things like Bryopsida. There are so many forms of elaters but it is always associated with plant spores.