Question

In the destructive distillation of coal, at \[443 - 503{\text{ }}K\] temperature, a middle oil or carbolic oil fraction is obtained. This fraction contains:
(A) Phenol
(B) Xylene
(C) Naphthalene
(D) Benzene

Answer 1

Hint:In the given question firstly we have to define the different compounds and the residue and outcomes of the coal at different temperatures at the different levels with the destructive distillation. Now with the given question we get that at the \[443 - 503{\text{ }}K\] temperature the middle oilfractioning takes place which apparently forms Phenol, naphthalene and pyridine as products.

Complete step-by-step answer:The given question statement asks about the destructive distillation of coal. It asks regarding the processes and the formations of the compounds at the \[443 - 503{\text{ }}K\] temperature, when a middle oil or carbolic oil fraction is obtained. Apart from that we also have to know the nature of the distillation in order to get the answer correct.
On the talking of the Distillation of coal tar we should know that the Arenes are isolated by fractional distillation of coal tar.
Now talking about the contents we get the table where the data is mentioned.

Name of the fraction	Temperature range (K)	Main constituents
Light oil (or crude oil) fraction	Upto \[443\]	Benzene, toluene, xylene
Middle oil fraction (Carbolic oil)	\[443 - 503\]	Phenol, naphthalene, pyridine
Heavy oil fraction (Creosote oil)	\[503 - 543\]	Naphthalene, naphthol and cresol
Green oil (Anthracene oil)	\[543 - 633\]	Anthracene, phenanthrene
Pitch (left as residue)	Non-volatile	Carbon

So we can say that at \[443 - 503{\text{ }}K\] temperature, basically phenol and naphthalene is formed

Therefore the right options among the following would be:Option A, Phenol and Option C, Naphthalene.

Note:Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. Fractional distillation in a laboratory makes use of common laboratory glassware and apparatuses, typically including a Bunsen burner.