Question

In the cladogram shown, which two species are the most closely related?

A. Species 1 and 4
B. Species 4 and 5
C. Species 6 and 2
D. Species 3 and 1
E. Species 5 and 1

Answer 1

Hint: Cladogram is a graphical representation of the organism based upon the evolution of the or the species related clarification. It indicates the different species relationship by the branching of its main branch as above in the graph. All breaking points are noted as the different species of an ecosystem.

Complete answer:
Cladogram: A cladogram could be a diagram accustomed to represent a hypothetical relationship between teams of animals, referred to as an organic process. A cladogram is employed by someone finding out organic process scientific discipline to see the teams of organisms being compared, however they're connected, and their commonest ancestors. A cladogram is often straightforward, comparing solely 2 or 3 teams of organisms, or it is often hugely complicated and contains all the famed kinds of life.
Cladogram style is universal, though straightforward. A cladogram consists of the organisms being studied, lines, and nodes wherever those lines cross. The lines represent organic process time or a series of organisms that result in the population it connects to. Nodes represent common ancestry between species. At some purpose within the past, a population of common relation organisms was divided, giving rise to the various organisms being studied. Some cladograms show organic process time through the size of the lines, long lines that means longer. Some cladograms selected to point out extinct species, whereas others omit them. Any specific cladogram is developed specifically for the utilization it's required.
A cladogram gets its name from the clades or teams of organisms that are displayed. A biological {group} could be a group of living organisms and also the common relation they're derived from. someone uses synapomorphies, or shared derived characters, to outline these teams. As an example, exocrine gland glands are a shared characteristic of mammals. All mammals and their oldest common relation had or have exocrine gland glands. Thus, if we tend to area units staring at Associate in Nursing unidentified animals and attempting to put it in an exceeding tree if it's exocrine gland glands we all know it belongs therein branch. Symplesiomorphies, against this, area unit characters that each one organism within the cladogram have. If the cladogram, as well as the mammals, was of all vertebrates, then the presence of vertebrae in our unknown animal would be a symplesiomorphy. Symplesiomorphies don't tell the US something regarding the connection of various teams in an exceeding cladogram, as a result of all the organisms having (or had)that characteristic. a really straightforward cladogram of the vertebrates is often seen below.
Cladogram subphylum Vertebrata
Scientists use cladograms to propose and raise questions on the organic process relationships between completely different species. By giving weight to derived characters and recognizing ancestral characteristics, scientists will compare completely different phylogenies of identical teams of organisms. Some are going to be terribly complicated, as characters can get to severally arise in multiple lines. Others are going to be straightforward, or penurious, and can contain fewer changes between teams. Any set of characters are often accustomed to produce a cladogram. The polymer is the preferred technique because it is implausibly correct. However, before the times of polymer, scientists created correct cladograms employing a sort of alternative traits. whereas the organic process relationships between organisms can't be determined on any one attribute, combining the penurious results of the many completely different traits can result in the foremost in all probability organic process. The tree that describes this organic process can possibly be the foremost straightforward and have the fewest nodes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Always closely related branching diagram showing the close relative species. Because of its branches from the main branch which identified as the common ancestry. Here also 4 and 5 diverge from the main branch closely. So, it eventually represents the close relative species of a general ecosystem only.