Question

In pteridophytes prothallus produces
(a) Sporangia
(b) Antheridia and archegonia
(c) Vascular tissues
(d) Root stem and leaf

Answer 1

Hint: Pteridophytes are plants that do not have any flowers or seeds. They reproduce via spores.
members of the pteridophyte group are the most primitive living vascular plants having xylem and phloem tissues

Complete answer:
In this group members reproduce through spores that develop into a multicellular gametophytic body called prothallus. It is chlorophyllous and independent.
The prothallus produces antheridia, the male reproductive organs, and archegonia, the female reproductive organs Both the reproductive organs are jacketed and multicellular
- The main sporophyte plant body is differentiated into the root, the stem, and the leaves.
- Sporangia: In sporangia spores are formed, they develop either on the ventral surface or in the axil of leaves Sporangia develop either on the ventral surface or in the axil of leaves.
- The Plants can be homosporous or can be heterosporous and the development of sporangium may be of eusporangiate when developing from a group of initials or leptosporangiate when developing from a single initial type.
- To effect fertilization water is very much essential as male reproductive units are flagellated motile.
- Flower and seed formation never takes place in living pteridophytes.
- After fertilization, an embryo develops in situ and the sporophyte remains attached to the gametophyte till the development of the root.
So, the correct answer is ‘antheridia and archegonia’.

Note:
1. A clear alternation of generations is should by plants.
2. Both the gametophyte and the sporophyte are independent of each other.
3. These plants mostly grow in damp and shady places. They mostly include ferns that are grown as ornamental plants.