Question

In diabetes mellitus, the patient drinks more water as there is urinary loss of:
A. Salt
B. Insulin
C. Protein
D. Glucose

Answer 1

Hint:-Different types of organs are present in our body; these should work in a coordinated manner to give the desired output. Thus, coordination is the process by which different organs interact with each other and aids in the functioning of one another. The neural system and the endocrine system (hormonal) jointly coordinate and integrate all the activities of the organs so that they function in a synchronized manner.

Complete Answer:-Diabetes mellitus is a disease that prevents the body from using the energy produced by the breakdown of food caused by insulin deficiency.
Insulin is produced by the beta-cells of Islets of langerhans present in pancreas. The insulin is a hormone that regulates the glucose level in blood. Insulin aids in the glucose uptake by the cells.
The deficiency of insulin manifests itself as diabetes mellitus. When a patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, the production of insulin in the body drops, or the body is unable to use insulin for absorption of glucose. Thus, the glucose level rises in the bloodstream.
Also, you know our blood goes to kidneys for filtration. Since, the sugar level is high in blood the kidneys are forced to filter the blood which creates the pressure on the filtration slits of the glomerulus. Due to excess force, the filtration slits become large and glucose molecules start crossing it. Due to this the glucose is also excreted in urine. Further as you know, the concentration gradient is well maintained in the nephrons. When the glucose level rises in the nephrons the fluid becomes more concentrated thus, water is also absorbed by the nephrons to maintain the concentration gradient. This results in a considerable amount of water loss from the body. This is the reason why the patients having diabetes mellitus face the problem of frequent urination and drink more water.

Therefore, the correct answer is option d- glucose.

Note:- As you know, the food we take is broken down into glucose in the alimentary canal. From the alimentary canal it is absorbed by the blood, which takes the food to the various parts of the body to meet the energy requirements. Therefore, glucose flows through the bloodstream to reach various tissues where it is absorbed. The glucose in the tissues is absorbed with the help of a hormone called insulin.