Question

In bacteria, sex is determined by presence of
A. Pili
B. Episome
C. Mesosome
D. Flagella

Answer 1

Hint:-Microscopic, single-celled species that live in complex environments are bacteria. In the soil, the ocean, and within the human gut, these species will live. The relationship of human beings with bacteria is complex. Bacteria often send us a helping hand, for example by curdling milk into yoghurt or helping with our digestion. Bacteria are destructive in some situations , causing diseases such as pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant.

Complete Answer:-Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are known as prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus with a basic internal structure and contain DNA that either floats freely in a twisted, thread-like mass called the nucleoid, or in separate, circular parts called plasmids. Ribosomes are the spherical units in the bacterial cell where the information encoded in ribosomal RNA assembles proteins from individual amino acids. Two protective coverings normally surround bacterial cells: an outer cell wall and an inner cell membrane. Some bacteria do not have a cell wall at all, like mycoplasma. A final, outermost protective layer , called the capsule, may also have some bacteria. The surfaces of bacteria, long ones called flagella or short ones called pili, often cover whip-like extensions that help bacteria move around and bind to a host.
Pili is most generally involved in surface adherence. Like the host cell, bacteria, which require adherence for colonising surfaces and pathogenicity, are negatively charged. Therefore, a net repulsive force exists. Sex is determined by the sex of the pili in Escherichia coli. Often known as F factor or fertility factor are the sex pili. Male Escherichia coli is believed to be the bacteria-containing sex pili or fertility plasmid. The sexless pili bacteria are called female Escherichia.

Hence, the correct answer is (a) Pili

Note:- By a mechanism called binary fission, most bacteria multiply. Conjugative pili, in the bacterial conjugation process, allows the transfer of DNA between bacteria. In comparison to sexual reproduction, they are often referred to as "sex pili" because they enable gene exchange through the creation of "mating pairs".