Question

In 1953, S. L. Miller created primitive earth conditions in the laboratory and gave experimental evidence of the origin of the first form of life from pre-existing non-living organic molecules, The primitive earth conditions created includes
(a)Low temperature, volcanic storms, an atmosphere rich in oxygen.
(b)Low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere
(c)High temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere
(d)High temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing $C{ H }_{ 4 }$, $N{ H }_{ 3 }$, etc.

Answer 1

Hint: The early earth atmosphere was highly reduced with temperature extremely on the higher side. Numbers of storms from the volcanoes were also present at that time.

Complete answer:
In 1953, primitive earth conditions in the laboratory were created by S. L. Miller and he gave experimental evidence of the origin of the first form of life from pre-existing non-living organic molecules, The primitive earth conditions created includes high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing $C{ H }_{ 4 }$, $N{ H }_{ 3 }$, etc. Miller created primitive earth conditions in a flask with the help of the mixture of ammonia, methane, and hydrogen gases. For the lightning effect, he used to circulate a high-frequency spark and to generate water vapor a small amount of water was kept for boiling continuously. To condense and collect the water into a U-shaped trap at the bottom of the apparatus the created atmosphere was cooled again.

Additional Information:
-The solution collected at the trap was observed to be turned pink in color after a day.
-After a week, this pink color liquid turned into deep red and turbid.
-The mercuric chloride was added to the boiling flask to prevent its contamination.
-By adding barium hydroxide and sulphuric acid the reaction was stopped and evaporation was done to remove impurities.
 in the solution by using the paper chromatography technique.
-Those five amino acids are glycine, $\alpha -{ alanine }$, $\beta -{ alanine }$, aspartic acid, and $\alpha -{ aminobutyric acid }$.
-Miller died in the year 2007. After his death, the sealed vials which were preserved from the original experiments were re-examined by some scientists. They observed that there were actually over 20 different amino acids produced in Miller's original experiments.
-Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide (${ H }_{ 2 }S$), and sulfur dioxide $S{ O }_{ 2 }$ were released into the atmosphere from the major volcanic eruptions that occurred four billion years ago.

So, the correct answer is, ‘High temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing ${ C }{ { H } }_{ 4 }$, $N{ H }_{ 3 }$, etc.’.

Note:
-Miller created primitive earth conditions in a flask with the help of the mixture of ammonia, methane, and hydrogen gases.
-To condense and collect the water into a U-shaped trap at the bottom of the apparatus the created atmosphere was cooled again.
-With this experiment, Miller identified the presence of five amino acids but scientists have proved that there were actually over 20 different amino acids produced in Miller's original experiments.