Question

Identify the characteristics of IUDs
(i) Increase phagocytosis of sperms.
(ii) Releases Cu ions that suppress sperm motility and fertilising capacity of sperms.
(iii) Make the uterus unsuitable for implantation.
(iv) Make the cervix hostile to sperms.
(v) Prevent semen from entering the female reproductive tract.

(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(i) and (ii)
(ii), (iii) and (iv)

Answer 1

Hint: Contraception is the method by which one may avoid unwanted pregnancies. Ideal contraceptive methods must be user friendly, reusable, effective with nil or zero effects, and must not interfere during sexual intercourse. These contraceptive methods include: Natural methods which prevents the meeting of sperm and ovum; Barrier methods which prevents the entry of sperm into the female reproductive tract physically with the help of a barrier such as condoms in males; IntraUterine Devices placed inside the uterus of females preventing implantation; Oral contraception which includes taking up of pills orally which changes the hormonal balance of the body; Surgical methods in which fallopian tube in females and vas deferens in males are cut and tied up through an incision.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the devices placed inside the uterus of a female preventing implantation of zygote to the uterine wall. They are of many types:
(i) Hormone releasing progestasert and LNG 20
(ii) Cu releasing Cu-T, Cu-7 and multiload 37
(iii) Non-medicated IUDs like lippes loop.
IUDs prevents implantation by increasing phagocytosis of sperms. It releases Cu ions by suppressing sperm motility and fertilising capacity of sperms. It also makes uterus unsuitable for implantation and cervix hostile to sperms.
So the correct option is (B): (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Note: Society should be reproductively healthy to ensure progress of society. A person is considered reproductively healthy when a person is healthy in all aspects of reproduction which includes physical, emotional, social and behavioral. Campaigns should run to spread awareness for sex-related issues. To work towards a reproductively healthy society maternal and infant post natal care should be taken care of due to which maternal and infant mortality rate decreases, early detection and cure of sexually transmitted diseases and increases medical facilities in urban and rural areas. Many programmes are launched for this purpose under Reproductive and Child Healthcare (RCH) programme.